War Of Mercenaries Online

Defense is easier with friends watching your back – join the battle online for free, and use strategy to conquer the world together. League of War: Mercenaries. War of Mercenaries risulta essere chiuso. Se ritieni che il gioco sia stato reputato chiuso per errore, o il gioco ha riaperto, manda una segnalazione di modifica indicando lo stato corretto o in alternativa richiedere l'accredito gestore.

's Profilo di capitano antico, also known as il, 1480. Condottiero meant 'leader of mercenaries' in Italy during the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance.A mercenary, sometimes known as a soldier of fortune, is an individual who takes part in for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any other official. Mercenaries fight for money or other forms of payment rather than for political interests. Beginning in the 20th century, mercenaries have increasingly come to be seen as less entitled to protections by rules of war than non-mercenaries. Indeed, the declare that mercenaries are not recognized as legitimate combatants and do not have to be granted the same legal protections as captured service personnel of a. In practice, whether or not a person is a mercenary may be a matter of degree, as financial and political interests may overlap, as was often the case in all of history.

This list is; you can help by.The laws of some countries forbid their citizens to fight in foreign wars unless they are under the control of their own national armed forces. Austria If a person is proven to have worked as a mercenary for any other country while retaining Austrian citizenship, his or her Austrian citizenship will be revoked.France In 2003, France criminalized mercenary activities, as defined by the protocol to the Geneva convention for French citizens, permanent residents and legal entities (Penal Code, ). This law does not prevent French citizens from serving as volunteers in foreign forces. — United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, Weinberger v. Equifax, 1977In the 7 June 1978 Letter to the Heads of Federal Departments and Agencies, the Comptroller General interpreted this decision in a way that carved out an exemption for 'Guard and Protective Services'.A U.S. Department of Defense interim rule (effective 16 June 2006) revises DoD Instruction 3020.41 to authorize contractors, other than private security contractors, to use deadly force against enemy armed forces only in self-defense (71 Fed.

Per that interim rule, private security contractors are authorized to use deadly force when protecting their client's assets and persons, consistent with their contract's. One interpretation is that this authorizes contractors to engage in combat on behalf of the U.S. It is the combatant commander's responsibility to ensure that private security contract mission statements do not authorize performance of inherently governmental military functions, i.e. Preemptive attacks or assaults or raids, etc.Otherwise, civilians with U.S. Armed Forces lose their law of war protection from direct attack if and for such time as they directly participate in hostilities. On 18 August 2006, the U.S.

Comptroller General rejected bid protest arguments that U.S. Army contracts violated the Anti-Pinkerton Act by requiring that contractors provide armed convoy escort vehicles and labor, weapons, and equipment for internal security operations at Victory Base Complex, Iraq. The Comptroller General reasoned the act was unviolated, because the contracts did not require contractors to provide quasi-military forces as strikebreakers. Yet, on 1 June 2007, reported: 'A federal judge yesterday ordered the military to temporarily refrain from awarding the largest security contract in Iraq. The order followed an unusual series of events set off when a U.S. Army veteran, Brian X. Scott, filed a protest against the government practice of hiring what he calls mercenaries, according to sources familiar with the matter.'

Though Scott had filed the protest at the Court of Federal Claims, the court order was the result of other bidders intervening in the case. Scott did not submit a bid; however, when the bidders who did submit a bid tried to protest at the GAO, their GAO bid protests were dismissed due to the fact that Scott had filed a case at the court and deprived the GAO of further jurisdiction in the matter. Scott's case had been dismissed at the GAO and was eventually dismissed at the court. The court order was in response to one of the legitimate contractors and Brian X. Scott had no role in obtaining that order.The contract, worth about $400 million, calls for a private company to provide intelligence services to the U.S.

Army and security for the Army Corps of Engineers on reconstruction work in Iraq. The case, which is being heard by the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, puts on trial one of the most controversial and least understood aspects of the Iraq war: the outsourcing of military security to an estimated 20,000 armed contractors. Foreign national servicemen The better-known combat units in which foreign nationals serve in another country's armed forces are the regiments of the and the, and the.Recruits from countries of the in the British Army swear allegiance to the British monarch and are liable to operate in any unit. Gurkhas, however, operate in dedicated Gurkha units of the British Army (specifically units that are administered by the ) and the Indian Army. Although they are nationals of Nepal, a country that is not part of the Commonwealth, they still swear allegiance (either to or the ) and abide by the rules and regulations under which all British or Indian soldiers serve.

French Foreign Legionnaires serve in the French Foreign Legion, which deploys and fights as an organized unit of the. This means that as members of the armed forces of Britain, India, and France these soldiers are not classed as mercenary soldiers per.Private military companies. Main article:The (PMC) is the contemporary strand of the mercenary trade, providing, soldiers, military training, and other services.

Thus, PMC contractors are civilians (in governmental, international, and civil organizations) authorized to accompany an army to the field; hence, the term civilian contractor. Nevertheless, PMCs may use armed force, hence defined as: 'legally established enterprises that make a profit, by either providing services involving the potential exercise of armed force in a systematic way and by military means, and/or by the transfer of that potential to clients through training and other practices, such as logistics support, equipment procurement, and intelligence gathering.' Private Military Contractor in, 2006.Private paramilitary forces are functionally mercenary armiesnot security guards or advisors; however, national governments reserve the right to control the number, nature, and armaments of such, arguing that, provided they are not pro-actively employed in front-line combat, they are not mercenaries. That said, PMC 'civilian contractors' have poor repute among professional government soldiers and officers—the U.S. Military Command have questioned their war zone behavior. In September 2005, Brigadier General Karl Horst, deputy commander of the Third Infantry Division charged with Baghdad security after the 2003 invasion, said of and other PMCs in Iraq: 'These guys run loose in this country and do stupid stuff.

There's no authority over them, so you can't come down on them hard when they escalate force. They shoot people, and someone else has to deal with the aftermath. It happens all over the place.' If PMC employees participate in pro-active combat, the press calls them mercenaries, and the PMCs mercenary companies.

In the 1990s, the media identified four mercenary companies:. – Angola, Sierra Leone, and other locations worldwide (closed 31 December 1998). – Papua New Guinea, Sierra Leone (closed 16 April 2004)., Ltd – Sierra Leone.

– Bosnia, Somalia, Angola, Haiti, Colombia, Kosovo, Kuwait, Afghanistan (active)In 2004 the PMC business was boosted when the U.S. And Coalition governments hired them for security in Iraq. In March 2004, four employees escorting food supplies and other equipment were, in a videotaped attack; the killings and subsequent dismemberments were a cause for the. Afghan war operations also boosted the business.In 2006, a U.S. Congressional report listed a number of PMCs and other enterprises that have signed contracts to carry out anti-narcotics operations and related activities as part of. Was among those contracted by the State Department, while others signed contracts with the Defense Department. Other companies from different countries, including, have also signed contracts with the Colombian Defense Ministry to carry out security or military activities.The United Nations disapproves of PMCs (still, the UN hired Executive Outcomes for African logistic support work).

The question is whether or not PMC soldiers are as accountable for their war zone actions. A common argument for using PMCs (used by the PMCs themselves), is that PMCs may be able to help combat and civilian slaughter where the UN is unwilling or unable to intervene.In February 2002, a British (FCO) report about PMCs noted that the demands of the military service from the UN and international civil organizations might mean that it is cheaper to pay PMCs than use soldiers. Yet, after considering using PMCs to support UN operations, the, decided against it.In October 2007, the United Nations released a two-year study that stated, that although hired as 'security guards', private contractors were performing military duties. The report found that the use of contractors such as Blackwater was a 'new form of mercenary activity' and illegal under.

Many countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom, are not signatories to the 1989 banning the use of mercenaries. A spokesman for the U.S.

Mission to U.N. Denied that Blackwater security guards were mercenaries, saying 'Accusations that U.S. Government-contracted security guards, of whatever nationality, are mercenaries is inaccurate and demeaning to men and women who put their lives on the line to protect people and facilities every day.' History Africa Ancient Africa An early recorded use of foreign auxiliaries dates back to, the thirteenth century BC, when used 11,000 mercenaries during his battles.

A long established foreign corps in the Egyptian forces were the —a generic term given to tribal scouts and light infantry recruited from serving from the late period of the through that of the. Other warriors recruited from outside the borders of Egypt included Libyan, Syrian and Canaanite contingents under the New Kingdom and Sherdens from Sardinia who appear in their distinctive horned helmets on wall paintings as body guards for Ramesses II. Mercenaries were greatly employed in the world (leading to the and the Celtic settlement of ). The Greek rulers of, too, used Celtic mercenaries. Was unique for relying primarily on mercenaries to fight its wars, particularly and.19th and 20th centuries. White mercenaries fighting alongside Congolese troops in 1964The (1960–1965) was a period of turmoil in the First Republic of the that began with national independence from and ended with the seizing of power.

During the crisis, mercenaries were employed by various factions, and also at times helped the United Nations and other peace keepers.In 1960 and 1961, worked as a mercenary commanding an English-speaking unit called '4 Commando' supporting a faction in, a province trying to break away from the newly independent under the leadership of. Hoare chronicled his exploits in his book the Road to Kalamata.In 1964 Tshombe (then Prime Minister of Congo) hired Major Hoare to lead a military unit called '5 Commando' made up of about 300 men, most of whom were from South Africa. The unit's mission was to fight a rebel group called, who already had captured almost two thirds of the country.In, '5 Commando' worked in close cooperation with Belgian, exile pilots, and CIA hired mercenaries. The objective of was to capture and save several hundred civilians (mostly Europeans and ) who were hostages of the rebels.

The operation saved many lives; however, the Operation damaged the reputation of as it saw the return of white mercenaries to the Congo soon after independence and was a factor in Tshombe's loss of support from president of Congo who dismissed him from his positionAt the same time Bob Denard commanded the French-speaking '6 Commando', commanded '10 Commando' and commanded a company of anti-Castro Cuban exiles.Later, in 1966 and 1967, some former Tshombe mercenaries and Katangese gendarmes staged the.Biafra Mercenaries fought for the in the Fourth Commando Brigade during the (1967–1970). Other mercenaries flew aircraft for the Biafrans. In October 1966, for example, a, flown by mercenary Heinrich Wartski, also known as Henry Wharton, crash-landed in with military supplies destined for Biafra.In May 1969, formed a squadron of five light aircraft known as the Babies of Biafra, which attacked and destroyed Nigerian jet aircraft on the ground and delivered food. Von Rosen was assisted by ex- fighter pilot.Angola In the mid-1970s, John Banks, an Englishman, recruited mercenaries to fight for the (FNLA) against the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola in the that broke out when Angola gained independence from Portugal in 1975. When captured, John Derek Barker's role as a leader of mercenaries in Northern Angola led the judges to send him to face the firing squad. Nine others were imprisoned.

Three more were executed: American Daniel Gearhart was sentenced to death for advertising himself as a mercenary in an American newspaper; Andrew McKenzie and (the self-styled 'Colonel Callan'), who had both served in the British army, were sentenced to death for murder. Costas' cousin was killed in an ambush.employees, Captains Daniele Zanata and Raif St Clair (who was also involved in the aborted Seychelles Coup of 1981), fought on behalf of the MPLA against the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola in the 1990s in violation of the. Eritrea and Ethiopia Both sides hired mercenaries in the from 1998 to 2000. Mercenaries were believed to be flying in the air forces of both sides.

Sierra Leone American was killed in the in February 1995, while commanding Gurkha Security Guards (GSG) in. GSG pulled out soon afterwards and was replaced. Both were employed by the Sierra Leone government as military advisers and to train the government soldiers.

It has been alleged that the firms provided soldiers who took an active part in the fighting against the (RUF).In 2000, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's (ABC-TV) international affairs program Foreign Correspondent broadcast a special report 'Sierra Leone: Soldiers of Fortune', focusing on former 32BN and Recce members who operated in Sierra Leone while serving for SANDF. Officers like De Jesus Antonio, TT D Abreu Capt Ndume and Da Costa were the forefront because of their combat and language skills and also the exploits of South African pilot and his gunship. The report also investigated the failures of the UN Peacekeeping Force, and the involvement of mercenaries and private military contractors in providing vital support to UN operations and British military Special Operations in Sierra Leone in 1999–2000.Equatorial Guinea.

Main article:In August 2004 there was a plot, which later became known as the 'Wonga Coup', to overthrow the government of in. Currently eight South African -era soldiers, organised by Neves Matias (former Recce major and De Jesus Antonio former Captain in 2sai BN) with (the leader of whom is ) and five local men are in Black Beach prison on the island. They are accused of being an advanced guard for a coup to place in power. Six Armenian aircrew, also convicted of involvement in the plot, were released in 2004 after receiving a presidential pardon. CNN reported on 25 August, that:Defendant said he was introduced to Thatcher in South Africa last year by Simon Mann, the leader of 70 men arrested in Zimbabwe in March suspected of being a group of mercenaries heading to Equatorial Guinea.It was planned, allegedly, by Simon Mann, a former officer.

On 27 August 2004 he was found guilty in Zimbabwe of purchasing arms, allegedly for use in the plot (he admitted trying to procure dangerous weapons, but said that they were to guard a diamond mine in DR Congo). Main article:In the medieval period, mercenaries from and were a common feature in Kingdoms in Western and Northern India. They were also later recruited by the and the British.In 18th and early 19th centuries, the imperial Mughal power was crumbling and other powers, including the and Maratha chiefs, were emerging. At this time, a number of mercenaries, arriving from several countries found employment in India. Some of the mercenaries emerged to become independent rulers.clan of and Sri Lankan coast did the role of soldiers in 's invasion to and in 's battle with the in the.East Asia Warring States Mercenaries were regularly used by the kingdoms of the period of China. Military advisers and generals trained through the works of and would regularly offer their services to kings and dukes.After the conquest of the Warring States, the Qin and later Empires would also employ mercenaries – ranging from nomadic horse archers in the Northern steppes or soldiers from the kingdoms of the South.

The 7th century was also prominent for its use of mercenaries, when they hired and soldiers against invasion from the and other steppe civilizations. 15th to 18th centuries The Saika mercenary group of the, Japan, played a significant role during the that took place between August 1570 to August 1580.

The Saikashuu were famed for the support of Buddhist sect movements and greatly impeded the advance of 's forces.were peasant farmers who learned the art of war to combat the 's samurai. They were hired out by many as mercenaries to perform capture, infiltration and retrieval, and, most famously, assassinations.

Ninja possibly originated around the 14th century, but were not widely known or used till the 15th century and carried on being hired till the mid 18th century.In 1615, the Dutch invaded the Ai Island with Japanese mercenaries. 20th century In the period of China, many American and British mercenaries thrived such as, Philo Norton McGriffin, and.During the early stages of the, a number of foreign pilots served in the Chinese Air Force, most famously in the 14th Squadron, a light bombardment unit often called the International Squadron, which was briefly active in February and March 1938.The United States could not become overtly involved in the conflict, due to Congressional restrictions, yet felt an obligation to assist the Chinese in stopping Japanese aggression. So in 1941 the Roosevelt administration authorized the formation of three, of which the 1st AVG was deployed to Burma and China and became famous as the. The pilots earned $600–$750 basic pay per month, plus $500 for each Japanese aircraft confirmed destroyed in the air or on the ground. The 2nd AVG, a bomber group, was recruited in November 1941 but aborted following the Japanese attack on.Europe Classical era. This section does not any. Unsourced material may be challenged and.Find sources: – ( June 2016) Many mercenaries fought for the during the early classic era.

For example:., king of Persia, who invaded in 484 BC employed Greek mercenaries. In, recounts how hired a large army of Greek mercenaries (the ') in 401 BC to seize the throne of Persia from his brother,. Though Cyrus' army was victorious at the, Cyrus himself was killed in battle and the expedition rendered moot. Stranded deep in enemy territory, the Spartan general and most of the other Greek generals were subsequently killed by treachery. Xenophon played an instrumental role in encouraging 'The Ten Thousand' Greek army to march north to the in an epic fighting retreat.

The were a group of ancient mercenaries most likely employed by the tyrant. (380 – 333 BC): was the commander of the Greek mercenaries working for the Persian King when of invaded Persia in 334 BC and won the. Alexander also employed Greek mercenaries during his campaigns. These were men who fought for him directly and not those who fought in city-state units attached to his army. contracted shepherds as during the against Rome. The vast majority of the Carthaginian military – except the highest officers, the navy, and the – were mercenaries. Members of independent tribes such as the and often joined the ranks of large organized armies as mercenaries.

The were Italian mercenaries used by the Greek kings of until after the. A figure in oral legend, was given the princess after conducting a successful campaign for. recruited a large number of along with the Galatians into the army during the against Rome, using the, and. were hired across the and further. They were known for their unreliability.In the late, it became increasingly difficult for Emperors and generals to raise military units from the citizenry for various reasons: lack of manpower, lack of time available for training, lack of materials, and, inevitably, political considerations.

Therefore, beginning in the late 4th century, the empire often contracted whole bands of either within the or as autonomous. The barbarians were and surviving veterans were established in areas requiring population. The of the is the best known formation made up of barbarian mercenaries (see next section).Medieval warfare. Mercenary in Byzantine service c. 1436followed the Roman practice and contracted foreigners especially for their personal guard called the. They were chosen among war-prone peoples, of whom the (Norsemen) were preferred. Their mission was to protect the Emperor and Empire and since they did not have links to the Greeks, they were expected to be ready to suppress rebellions.

One of the most famous guards was the future king, also known as Harald Hardrada ('Hard-counsel'), who arrived in Constantinople in 1035 and was employed as a Varangian Guard. He participated in eighteen battles and was promoted to akolythos, the commander of the Guard, before returning home in 1043. He was killed at the in 1066 when his army was defeated by an English army commanded by King. In England at the time of the, (natives of ) formed a substantial mercenary element in the forces of with many remaining in England as settlers under the. Contingents of mercenary soldiers were to form significant forces in England throughout the time of the Norman and early dynasties (11th and 12th centuries). A prominent example of these were the Flemings who fought during the English civil wars, known as or (AD 1135 to 1154), under the command of, who was 's chief lieutenant from 1139 to 1154 and who was made Earl of Kent by Stephen.

In Italy, the condottiero was a military chief offering his troops, the, to. During the ages of the kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula, Christian knights like could fight for some Muslim ruler against his Christian or Muslim enemies. The originally fought for and, but as the, they followed in the service of the.

Catalan and German mercenaries also had prominent role in the Serbian victory over Bulgarians in the in 1330. During the later Middle Ages, (or Free Lances) were formed, consisting of companies of mercenary troops.

Nation-states lacked the funds needed to maintain standing forces, so they tended to hire free companies to serve in their armies during wartime. Such companies typically formed at the ends of periods of conflict, when men-at-arms were no longer needed by their respective governments. The veteran soldiers thus looked for other forms of employment, often becoming mercenaries. Free Companies would often specialize in forms of combat that required longer periods of training that was not available in the form of a mobilized militia.

The commanded by Sir is the best known English Free Company of the 14th century. Between the 13th and 17th Century the fought within the Islands of Britain and also mainland Europe.

A Welshman (Owain of the Red Hand) formed a free company and fought for the French against the English during, before being assassinated by a Scot by the name of Jon Lamb under the orders of the English Crown in 1378 during the. 15th and 16th centuries. Landsknechte, by, c. 1530.were sought during the late 15th and early 16th centuries as being an effective fighting force, until their somewhat rigid battle formations became vulnerable to and being developed at the same time. See.It was then that the German, colorful mercenaries with a redoubtable reputation, took over the Swiss forces' legacy and became the most formidable force of the late 15th and throughout the 16th century, being hired by all the powers in Europe and often fighting at opposite sides. Sir in his advocated the use of mercenaries in preference to citizens. The barbarian mercenaries employed by the Utopians are thought to be inspired by the Swiss mercenaries.

A class of mercenaries known as the dominated warfare in Ireland and Scotland between the 13th and 16th centuries. They were a heavily armed and armored elite force that often doubled as a chieftain's bodyguard. At approximately the same period, argued against the use of mercenary armies in his book of political advice. His rationale was that since the sole motivation of mercenaries is their pay, they will not be inclined to take the kind of risks that can turn the tide of a battle, but may cost them their lives.

He also noted that a mercenary who failed was obviously no good, but one who succeeded may be even more dangerous. He astutely pointed out that a successful mercenary army no longer needs its employer if it is more militarily powerful than its supposed superior. This explained the frequent, violent betrayals that characterized mercenary/client relations in Italy, because neither side trusted the other. He believed that citizens with a real attachment to their home country will be more motivated to defend it and thus make much better soldiers. The or Stradioti (Italian: Stradioti or Stradiotti; Greek: Στρατιώτες, Stratiotes) were mercenary units from the Balkans recruited mainly by states of southern and central Europe from the 15th until the middle of the 18th century.

The stradioti were recruited in Albania, Greece, Dalmatia, Serbia and later Cyprus. Most modern historians have indicated that the Stratioti were mostly Albanians. According to a study by a Greek author, around 80% of the listed names attributed to the stradioti were of Albanian origin while most of the remaining ones, especially those of officers, were of Greek origin; a small minority were of South Slavic origin. Among their leaders there were also members of some old Byzantine Greek noble families such as the Palaiologi and Comneni.The stratioti were pioneers of light cavalry tactics during this era. In the early 16th century heavy cavalry in the European armies was principally remodeled after Albanian stradioti of the Venetian army, Hungarian and German mercenary cavalry units (Schwarzreitern). They employed hit-and-run tactics, ambushes, feigned retreats and other complex maneuvers.

In some ways, these tactics echoed those of the Ottoman sipahis and akinci. They had some notable successes also against French heavy cavalry during the Italian Wars.They were known for cutting off the heads of dead or captured enemies, and according to they were paid by their leaders one per head. In Italy, during inter-family conflicts such as the, mercenaries were widely used to supplement the much smaller forces loyal to particular families. Often these were further supplemented by troops loyal to particular which had sided with one or more of the belligerents.17th and 18th centuries.

A peasant begs a mercenary for mercy in front of his burning farm during the.During the 17th and 18th century extensive use was made of foreign recruits in the now regimented and highly drilled armies of Europe, beginning in a systematized way with the. Historian notes that 40,000 Scotsmen (about fifteen percent of the adult male population) served as soldiers in Continental Europe from 1618 to 1640.After the signing of the (1691) the soldiers of the Irish Army who left Ireland for France took part in what is known as the. Subsequently, many made a living from fighting in continental armies, the most famous of whom was, who, having fallen mortally wounded at the fighting for the French, said 'If this was only for Ireland'.The brutality of the Thirty Years' War, in which several parts of Germany were ransacked by the mercenary troops, and left almost unpopulated, led to the formation of standing armies of professional soldiers, recruited locally or abroad.

These armies were active also in peacetime. The formation of these armies in the late 18th century led to professionalization and standardization of clothing (uniforms), equipment, drill, weapons, etc.

Codemasters Racing presents F1 2012, the next game in the BAFTA-winning series featuring all the official drivers, teams and circuits from the 2012. F1 2012 pc dowland.

Since smaller states like the Dutch Republic could afford a large standing army, but could not find enough recruits among its own citizens, recruiting foreigners was common. Prussia had developed a form of conscription, but relied in wartime also on foreign recruits, although the regulations state that no more than one third of the recruits were to be foreign. Prussian recruiting methods were often aggressive, and resulted more than once in conflicts with neighbouring states. The term mercenary gained its notoriety during this development, since mercenaries were- and now are- often seen as soldiers who fight for no noble cause, but only for money, and who have no loyalty than to the highest bidder, as opposed to the professional soldiers who takes an oath of loyalty and who is seen as the defender of the nation. The mercenary soldiers thus fell out of favour and was replaced by the professional soldier.

To augment the army, major European powers like France, Britain, the Dutch Republic and Spain contracted regiments from Switzerland, the Southern Netherlands (modern day Belgium), and several smaller German states. About a third of the infantry regiments of the French Royal Army prior to the were recruited from outside France. The largest single group were the twelve Swiss regiments (including the ). Other units were German and one (the ') had originally been made up of Irish volunteers. By 1789 difficulties in obtaining genuinely Irish recruits had led to German and other foreigners making up the bulk of the rank and file. The officers however continued to be drawn from long established Franco-Irish families. During the reign of Louis XV there were also a Scottish ( ), a Swedish ( ), an Italian ( ) and a Walloon ( ) regiments recruited outside the borders of France.

The foreign infantry regiments comprised about 20,000 men in 1733, rising to 48,000 at the time of the and being reduced in numbers thereafter. The Dutch Republic had contracted several Scots, Swiss and German regiments in the early 18th century, and kept three Scots, one Walloon, and six Swiss regiments (including a Guard regiment raised in 1749) throughout the 18th century. The Scots regiments were contracted from Great Britain, but as relations between Britain and the Republic deteriorated, the regiments could no longer recruit in Scotland, leading to the regiments being Scots in name only until they were nationalized in 1784. The Spanish Army also made use of permanently established foreign regiments. These were three (Irlanda, Hiberni and Ultonia); one Italian (Naples) and five Swiss (Wimpssen, Reding, Betschart, Traxer and Preux). In addition one regiment of the including Irishmen as Patten, McDonnell and Neiven, was recruited from.

The last of these foreign regiments was disbanded in 1815, following recruiting difficulties during the. One complication arising from the use of non-national troops occurred at the in 1808 when the 'red Swiss' (so-called from their uniforms) of the invading French Army clashed bloodily with ' in the Spanish service. During the, the British government hired several regiments of the German principalities to supplement the Army. Although the German troops came from a number of states, the majority came from the German state of Hesse-Kassel. This resulted in their American opponents referring to all of the German troops as ', whether the Germans were actually from Hesse-Kassel or not. The 'Hessians' were over time, especially during the 19th and 20th centuries, dubbed 'mercenaries', so as to present the struggle of the Americans, seen as free citizens fighting for their independence, as opposite to the armies of the 'tyrant' King George III, composed of British troops who were mere 'slaves' being whipped into obedience, and ruthless Hessian mercenaries, fighting for money.

19th–21st centuries The, a private Scottish infantry regiment of the, was formed in 1839 purely for ceremonial purposes. It was granted official regimental status by in 1845 and is the only remaining legal private army in Europe. Middle East Syrian Civil War.